Anatomy & physiology · Both
Body Systems in Sport
Physical activity depends on coordinated body systems. Know structure linked to function in sport.
Key systems
• **Skeletal** – support, protection, blood cell production, levers for movement
• **Muscular** – movement, posture; antagonistic pairs
• **Cardiovascular** – heart, blood, vessels; oxygen and nutrient transport
• **Respiratory** – oxygen in, carbon dioxide out; gaseous exchange
In exercise
Heart rate, stroke volume and breathing rate rise to meet oxygen demand.
Long-term training improves efficiency (e.g. lower resting HR, stronger heart).
Worked example
Why does heart rate rise in exercise?
Solution: Muscles need more oxygen and produce more CO₂ – cardiac output increases to match demand.
Practice questions
1. Name two functions of the skeleton.
2. What do antagonistic pairs do?