Human geography · Both

Urban Change & Cities

Urbanisation continues globally. In the UK, cities face housing pressure, inequality, transport issues and regeneration debates.

Causes of urban growth

• Rural–urban migration • Natural increase • Economic opportunities and services • In LICs/NEEs: rapid growth can create informal settlements

Challenges and responses

• Housing affordability and quality • Traffic and pollution • Inequality between districts • Regeneration (brownfield redevelopment, waterfront projects) – winners and losers • Sustainable urban ideas: public transport, green space, energy-efficient design

Practice questions

1. Name two causes of urbanisation.

2. What is brownfield redevelopment?